Getting Started:
Make math and science easier (and more fun) with free graphing calculator programs and games from calculatorti.com. You can make the process of transfering the application to your calculator sweet and simple with Texas Instrument’s handy TI connect software. Install it on your computer and grab your GraphLink Connection cable (USB cable) to plug in your calculator. Then you can start downloading any of our programs and games (Wow! There’s a lot!) from our libraries to transfer and install them to your calculator. Have fun!
| Title: | Brief Description: | Requirements: | Category: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha Function | TI-89 graphing calculator program for defining the Alpha function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Analyze and Graph Rational Functions | TI-89 graphing calculator program for analyzing and graphing rational functions. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Antiderivatives | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating the antiderivative of an equation. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| AP Calculus Formulas | TI-89 graphing calculator AP calculus formulas program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Area Between Two Curves | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating the area between two curves. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Area Under a Curve | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating the area under a curve. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Average Value of a Function | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating the average value of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Calculus Program 89 | TI-89 graphing calculator calculus program for calculating the equations of lines, average rate of change, difference quotient, and tangent lines | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Basic Calculus Derivatives | TI-89 graphing calculator program lists some basic and common calculus derivatives. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Basic Integrals | TI-89 graphing calculator program lists some basic and common calculus integrals. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Basic Logarithms | TI-89 graphing calculator program lists some basic and common calculus logarithms. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Beta Function | TI-89 graphing calculator Beta Function Program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Biateral Laplace Transform | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating Biateral Laplace Transform | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Bisection (Interval Harving) | TI-89 graphing calculator bisection – interval harving program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Bisection (Specific Tolerance) | TI-89 graphing calculator bisection – specific tolerance program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Calculus Area Finder | TI-89 program for calculating area in calculus. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Calculus Collection | TI-89 graphing calculator program includes more than 20 different calculus functions. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Calculus Common Functions | TI-89 graphing calculator program includes several common calculus functions such as calculus volumes, densities and revolutions. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Calculus Gradient Program | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating calculus gradients, directional derivative, divergence, Laplacian of scalar and more. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Calculus I & II Notes | TI-89 graphing calculator program contains notes on differential and integral calculus. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Calculus Test and Exam Notes | TI-89 graphing calculator program includes test and exam notes for calculus. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Calculus TI-89 | TI-89 graphing calculator program includes over 80 features for calculus. Some include sign charts, domain and range of functions, moving particle problems, differentiation and integration. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Cauchy Riemann Equations | TI-89 graphing calculator Cauchy Riemann theorem program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Central Beta Function | TI-89 graphing calculator central beta function program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Centroid Program | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating the centroid of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Chain Rule | TI-89 graphing calculator chain rule program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Common Calculus Methods and Functions | TI-89 graphing calculator program for finding zeros in a function, interpolation, and integration using several different methods. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Complex Analysis | TI-89 graphing calculator complex analysis program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Complex Derivative | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating the derivative of a complex function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Continuity and Differentiability of a Function | TI-89 graphing calculator program for determining the continuity and differentiability of a Function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Curvature and Tangent Vector Program | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating the curvature and tangent vector of a parametric function to a given point. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Parametric Curve Analysis | TI-89 graphing calculator program for analysis of parametric curves. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Curve Tracing | TI-89 graphing calculator program for tracing the curve of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| De Moivre’s Theorem – Formula: Roots of Complex Numbers | TI-89 graphing calculator program for finding roots of complex numbers using De Moivre’s Theorem/Formula | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Definite Integrals | TI-89 graphing calculator program for solving definite integrals. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Delta and Epsilon | TI-89 graphing calculator program for formally defining limits with epsilons and deltas. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Derivatives and Variation Tables | TI-89 graphing calculator program gives detailed information on functions including derivatives and variation tables. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Derivatives and Zeros | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating the first and second derivatives of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions | TI-89 graphing calculator program, display the derivatives of the trigonometric functions. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Differential Equations: 2 Points | TI-89 graphing calculator program for solving differential equations given 2 points and amount of time. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Differential Equations: nth Degree | TI-89 graphing calculator program for solving differential equations of the nth degree. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Digamma Function | TI-89 graphing calculator program for solving the digamma function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Dilogarithm or Spence’s function | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculations related to the Dilogarithm also known as Spence’s function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Directional Derivative Program | TI-89 graphing calculator Directional Derivative Program | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Directional Derivative | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating the directional derivative of a multi-variable function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Double Integral: Volume & Surface Area | TI-89 graphing calculator program uses double integrals to find the volume and surface area of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Error Function | TI-89 graphing calculator error function program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Euler Approximation of an Antiderivative | TI-89 graphing calculator program calculates the Euler approximation of the antiderivative of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Euler’s Function | TI-89 graphing calculator Euler’s function program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Euler’s Method: Differential Equations | TI-89 graphing calculator program solves differential equations using Euler’s Method. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Euler’s Method: Pi | TI-89 graphing calculator program, converges to pi using Euler’s Method. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Euler’s Method: Approximate Values of a Function | TI-89 graphing calculator program, calculates approximate values of a function using Euler’s method. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Extrema: Maximum and Minimum | TI-89 graphing calculator program, calculates extrema or maximum and minimum of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Extremum of 2 a variable function | TI-89 graphing calculator program, finds the Extremum of a 2 variable function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Fourier Series Program | TI-89 graphing calculator program for creating fourier series. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Function Length | TI-89 graphing calculator program finds the length of a function between 2 points. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Gamma Function | TI-89 graphing calculator gamma function program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| G-Function | TI-89 graphing calculator G-function program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Glasser Function | TI-89 graphing calculator Glasser function program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Growth Decay Equation | TI-89 graphing calculator program for solving variables in the growth/decay equation. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Hamiltonian Function Test | TI-89 graphing calculator program for determining if a two variable first order system of equations is a Hamiltonian system. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Homogeneous Differential Equations | TI-89 graphing calculator program, solves homogeneous differential equations. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Hurwitz Zeta Function | TI-89 graphing calculator program. Performs opperations related to the Hurwitz Zeta Function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Hyperbolic Functions | TI-89 graphing calculator program for exploring hyperbolic functions. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Symbolic Derivative of a Function | TI-89 graphing calculator program, finds the symbolic derivative of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Implicit Differentiation | TI-89 graphing calculator program, calculates the implicit differentiation of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Indefinite Integration | TI-89 graphing calculator program for solving indefinite integration problems. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Integral Approximation | TI-89 graphing calculator program for integral approximation | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Integral Approximations | TI-89 graphing calculator programs for integral approximation using exact approximation, Simpson’s rule, trapezoid rule and Riemann sums | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Integral Rules | TI-89 graphing calculator program contains common integral rules for calculus | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Integration by Parts | TI-89 graphing calculator program for integration by parts. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Inverse Functions | TI-89 graphing calculator program for finding the inverse of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Inverse Laplace Transformation | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating Inverse Laplace Transformation of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Implicit Equations – Iterative Method | TI-89 graphing calculator program for solving Implicit Equations. Uses an Iterative Method | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Direct and Inverse Transformation | TI-89 graphing calculator program, calculates direct and inverse transformation. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Laplace Transform | TI-89 graphing calculator Laplace transform program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Laplace Transform – Bilateral | TI-89 graphing calculator program, calculates bilateral Laplace transform | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Laplace Transform of a Derivative | TI-89 graphing calculator program, calculates the Laplace transform of a derivative. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Lerch Transcendent | TI-89 graphing calculator program, calculates the Lerch transcendent | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Limit Comparison Test | TI-89 graphing calculator program, tests improper integrals for convergence of divergence using the Limit Comparison Test. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Monte Carlo Method | TI-89 graphing calculator program, finds the integral of a function using the Monte Carlo method. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Multi-Variable Calculus Functions | TI-89 graphing calculator program, contains several features for multi-variable calculus | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Multi-Variable Calculus Program | TI-89 graphing calculator program solves several multi-variable calculus problems. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Multi-variable Function Discriminant | TI-89 graphing calculator program, calculates the discriminant of a multi-variable function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Newton’s Method | TI-89 graphing calculator program for finding the zeros of a function using Newton’s Method. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Normal Integral Value | TI-89 graphing calculator program, calculates the value of the normal integral | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Numerical Integration and Errors | TI-89 graphing calculator numerical integration program | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Numerical Integration and Finding Roots | TI-89 graphing calculator program, performs numerical integration and finds the roots of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Parallel Equivalency of a Value | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating the parallel equivalency of a value or variable | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Derivative of a Parametric Function | TI-89 graphing calculator program calculates the derivative of a parametric function | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Partial Derivatives – Gradient | TI-89 graphing calculator program, finds the partial derivatives or gradient of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Rectangle Approximations | TI-89 graphing calculator program, calculates rectangle area approximations. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Reimann Sums: Rectangles and Trapezoids | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating Reimann sums using rectangle and trapezoid rules. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Residue (complex analysis) | TI-89 graphing calculator program for finding residues in complex analysis. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Residue Values for Complex Integrals | TI-89 graphing calculator program for finding residue values for solving complex integrals. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Revolutions of Solids – Volume Between Two Curves | TI-89 graphing calculator program, calculates volume between to curves. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Riemann Sums | TI-89 graphing calculator program, finds the Riemann sums of an integral. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Riemann Zeta Function | TI-89 graphing calculator Riemann Zeta function program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Simplify Calculus Answers | TI-89 graphing calculator program, simplifies calculus answers for homework, tests and exams. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Simpson’s Rule – Area Under a Curve | TI-89 graphing calculator program, estimates area under a curve using Simpson’s rule. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Systems of Differential Equations | TI-89 graphing calculator program, solves systems of differential equations. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Slope Field | TI-89 graphing calculator program, gives a visual representation of the slope field of an equation. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Solve First Derivative | TI-89 graphing calculator program, solves the first derivative of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Steepest Ascent Path | TI-89 graphing calculator program for calculating the steepest ascent path. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Surface Area of a Revolution – X Axis | TI-89 graphing calculator program, finds the surface area of a revolution around the x axis. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Symbolic Integration | TI-89 graphing calculator program for symbolic integration. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Linear Approximation of a Function: Tangent Line | TI-89 graphing calculator program, calculates the linear approximation of a function. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Taylor Polynomial | TI-89 graphing calculator program, finds the Taylor polynomials of a 3-d function at a given point. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Center of Mass of a Solid | TI-89 graphing calculator program, calculates the center of mass of a solid. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Unit Circle Conversions – Pi to Degrees | TI-89 graphing calculator program, provides unit circle coordinate conversions From Pi to Degrees and Degrees to Pi | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Vector Calculus – Gradient, Divergence, Curl | TI-89 graphing calculator vector calculus program, calculates divergence, gradient and curl. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
| Zeta Function | TI-89 graphing calculator Zeta function program. | Requires the ti-89 calculator.(Click here for an explanation) | [ Programs ] [ ti-89 ] [ calculus ] |
